35mm Camera

THEORY: In theory if you take a picture of a random area that has nothing there, when you look at the picture something shows up on film.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you want to do is load the camera with 400 speed film. We feel that this is the best speed film to use indoor and outdoor, day or night. While in the field take random pictures of an area, making sure you point the camera away from you, so you don’t capture your breath in the picture, because it may look like a mist. Besides taking pictures of just random areas you also want to take pictures when asking EVP questions, or if there is any activity on any of the equipment. Also try photographing the area around other investigators or people you are with. Sometimes ghosts are around people trying to communicate.

RANGE: The range of the 35mm camera varies depending on what type of camera you are using.

READINGS: When analyzing the photographs you are looking for any type of anomalies in the photos that cannot be explained. Most of the time you will get orbs in your photos.  When you get an orb in your photographs, keep in mind that water vapor or dust particles in the air will appear as orbs. Some of the things you are looking for when analyzing photographs are; orbs, mists, streaks, apparitions, etc.

The following compares and contrast the advantages/disadvantages of a 35mm film camera vs. a digital camera.

Digital camera:

Pros: Instant feedback, cheaper to use, much larger picture capacity than film (hundreds, even thousands of pictures can be take on a single memory chip) and sensitive to some infrared and ultraviolet.

Cons: Produces no negatives, not as high quality, no film to examine, built-in software may enhance images too much resulting in false results.

35mm camera:

Pros: Higher quality then digital, produces a negative, no built-in software to be fooled (what it sees it captures).

Cons: No instant feedback, more expensive to use (cost of developing), difficult/expensive to capture infrared or ultraviolet.

Also see our article on 35mm Cameras vs. Digital Camers.

Audio Cassette Recorder (Analog Recorder)

THEORY: In theory a spirit/ghost may communicate with you through electronic voice phenomenon (EVP). The EVP is picked up through an audio recording device's built-in microphone (using an external microphone will significantly reduce the amount of noise from the recorder's motor). Usually you cannot here EVPs while they are happening. When you play the audio recording back that is when you here them.

HOW TO USE: Make sure there is a blank tape in the recorder. Make sure the speed is set to normal. Press the record button and wait 10 seconds before you start speaking.  Then set up the tape by saying your name, date, time, and location. While investigating ask EVP questions leaving a 20 to 30 second gap between questions. When the investigation is complete, due a post wrap on the tape saying the time and state that the investigation is complete.

RANGE: The precise range at which the recorder can pick up sounds is unknown. It will depend on where you are, the loudness of the sound, objects around you that can absorb sound, etc.

READINGS: While analyzing the recording you are looking for voices that were not present during the time of recording. You want to see if any of the questions you asked were answered. You may also look for any unusual sounds, such as tapping/knocking, bells ringing, doors slamming, music playing etc.

Barometer

THEORY: In theory when a spirit/ghost starts to manifest it may cause an increase/decrease in barometric pressure.

HOW TO USE:

• Take base readings, so you can compare the readings you take out in the field, to see if there is any activity.
• Look for an increase/decrease in pressure during the investigation.
• When the investigation is complete, log your readings in the logbook.

RANGE: The range of readings on this meter is from 580mb to 1050mb.

READINGS: The unit of measurement for pressure is millibars (mb). If there is an increase/decrease of 20mb then it could be considered paranormal activity. If pressure starts to decrease below 980mb this could mean that there is a severe storm coming your way. NOTE: If you have an Ion Counter present during the investigation when there is a decrease in pressure, then the Ion Counter should read positive ions in the air. If the pressure starts to increase during an investigation to 1005mb or above then this could mean that the low-pressure storm system is moving away from you.

Compass

THEORY: The compass point is affected by magnetic fields. In theory, spirits/ghosts will give off electro magnetic fields. This can cause the needle to spin or point in the wrong direction. This is related to the Bermuda Triangle theory.

RANGE: The range of the compass is from your location to the magnetic north pole. Any magnetic fields surrounding the location could alter the direction the needle points in.

HOW TO USE: First know what direction normal North is. During the investigation pay close attention to which way the needle is pointing towards. When the investigation is complete write down the summary in the field report.

READINGS: A normal reading is always North. Possible paranormal activity is when the compass is reading the wrong direction or if it begins to spin or erratic movement.

Digital Audio Recorder

The digital audio recorder is used to pick up EVP (Electronic Voice Phenomenon). The digital audio recorder is used the same way as an audiocassette recorder. A digital audio recorder is much more effective than an audio cassette recorder because the digital recorder can record longer than a tape, it is more clear than a tape, and has more functions than a tape recorder has to offer. With the digital recorder it is easier to download into a computer to analyze the audio recordings than a tape recorder. The digital audio is more organized than a tape because the recordings can be saved as computer files instead of having a bunch of audiocassette tapes lying around. When using the digital audio recorder the first thing you want to do is a pre wrap. State your name, date and time, and investigation site, so when analyzing the audio recording it makes it easier to know what investigation you are analyzing. During the investigation, have the recorder on the entire time, so we don’t miss anything. When the investigation is complete, make sure you do a post wrap stating your name date and time, and note that the investigation is complete. When analyzing the data you may use windows media player or any other type of software to analyze audio. Make sure you listen to the entire recording paying close attention to the recording. You don’t want to miss anything.

Digital Camera

THEORY: In theory if you take a picture of a random area that has nothing there, when you look at the picture something shows up on your photo.

HOW TO USE: The digital camera has a much higher quality than the 35mm camera. Depending on which digital camera you use there are many different settings on it. We use the finest setting for taking pictures, which is the highest quality. While in the field take random pictures of an area, making sure you point the camera away from you, so you don’t capture your breath in the picture, because it may look like a mist. Besides taking pictures of just random areas you also want to take pictures when asking EVP questions, or if there is any activity on any of the equipment.

RANGE: The range of the Digital camera varies depending on what type of camera you are using and conditions.

READINGS: When analyzing the photographs you are looking for any type of anomalies in the photos that cannot be explained. When using a digital camera there will be many times that you get orbs in your photos. Because the digital camera is a higher quality than the 35mm camera it will pick up more objects in the air such as water vapor and dust particles. Some of the things you are looking for when analyzing photographs are: orbs, mists, streaks, apparitions, etc.

Digital EMF Meter (Electro Magnetic Field)

THEORY: In theory, spirits/ghosts give off an electromagnetic field which can be picked up by an EMF meter.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you do is walk through the investigation site and find out if there is anything surrounding the area that could cause an electrical disturbance or throw off the meter. Upon arriving to the investigation site you must get a general base reading of your location. While walking around the site you must hold the meter steadily because too much movement could throw off the reading. If you get an unusual reading, study the area to try and figure out what could be causing it. When the investigation is over be sure to document your average reading and any unusual readings in the field report.

RANGE: The unit of measurement for this EMF meter is milligauss or mg (can also display millitesla or mt, more commonly used unit of measure in Europe). The range on the meter is 0mg to 199.9mg. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 8 feet, depending on how strong the electromagnetic field is.

READINGS: Normal readings are from 0mg to 1.5mg. Paranormal readings are from 1.5mg to 8mg. Paranormal activity can occur lower than 1.5mg if the base is low. For example if you are getting a base reading of .1mg to .3mg and then the meter jumps to 1.2mg then this may be paranormal activity.

Digital Geiger Counter/Microwave Detector

THEORY: This Geiger Counter detects microwave radiation. In theory when a spirit/ghost manifests, it may give off radiation that may be picked up by this meter.

HOW TO USE: Point and hold down the orange button. Wait for calibration to occur. Calibration occurs when the numbers jump up to 9.99mw/cm² beeps and goes back down to 0.00mw/cm². When it hits 0.00mw/cm² keep holding the button. While on the investigation walk around the area checking for any abnormal readings. If you get an abnormal reading then try to locate were it is coming from. When the investigation is over write down your readings in the field report.

RANGE: The range on the meter is 0mw/cm² to 9.99mw/cm². The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 2 feet.

READINGS: The unit of measurement on this meter is mw/cm² (microwave per centimeter squared). Normal readings are from 0mw/cm² to 0.5mw/cm². Paranormal readings are from 0.5mw/cm² to 3.0mw/cm². Once the meter is calibrated and starts to beep, then the reading will be in the range of 5mw/cm² to 9.99mw/cm².

Digital Thermometer

THEORY: The digital thermometer detects temperatures in Fahrenheit or Celsius.  In theory when a spirit/ghost starts to manifest, it will draw any energy around the area. In this case it takes in heat energy in the air causing a cold spot. In rare cases a hot spot may form.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you want to do is make sure the thermometer is set to Fahrenheit. Unravel the cord and probe to give you a more accurate reading.  Take a base reading to compare to your other readings later on. During the investigation, walk around and look for any differences in temperature. When the investigation is complete write down your temperature readings in the field report.

RANGE: The range of the cord with the probe is 10 feet. The range from the probe to the active field is 0 to 1 foot.

READINGS: A normal reading is usually a 5-degree difference from your base reading. A paranormal reading is usually a minimum of 10 degrees drop from your base reading. If you get a drop in temperature, the drop is called a cold spot. You may also get an increase in temperature, which would then be called a hot spot. Hot spots are rare but they do occur.

Dowsing Rods

THEORY: In theory, spirits/ghosts give off spiritual energy. Any energy that surrounds the dowsing rods will cause them to either cross or uncross.

HOW TO USE: At the investigation site you should hold out the dowsing rods, one in each hand, very steadily. If they cross get someone with an EMF meter to confirm the reading. You may also start with them crossed and if they uncross check with and EMF meter as well.

RANGE: The range of dowsing rods to the active field is 0 – 2 feet. If a body of water is in the surrounding area than it can be up to a ¼ mile.

READINGS: It is considered paranormal activity when the rods cross. The more they cross the stronger the energy field is. The dowsing rods can be made up of wood, brass, or various types of metals. Dowsing rods made up of any kind of metal can pick up electro magnetic energy. Bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, streams and oceans can affect the wooden rods.

DVR (Digital Video Recorder)

DVR stands for Digital Video Recorder. Our DVR system has a 250-gigabyte hard drive, with 4 Infrared (IR) Cameras. The range of the camera's IR is 0 – 70 feet. Some of the features on our DVR system is that you are able to record 4 cameras simultaneously. You are able to view one camera at a time or in a 4-way split screen. You are able to either speed up or slow down the recording, for better analysis.  You are able to burn a segment of the footage that you have recorded.

There are two types of cameras we can use with our DVR: One of the types is a hard line camera, which means that you have to run wires from the DVR System to each camera you are using. The other type of cameras we can use are wireless cameras, which mean that there are no wires involved in connecting the camera to the DVR System. Some of the problems with wireless cameras is that the signal may cut out while you are recording. Another problem is that you are restricted to a certain range for the wireless cameras to work.

The objective of the DVR System is to try and capture paranormal activity, such as a ghost or an apparition on video. By using the DVR system this enhances your chance of capturing something on video because you can use up to 4 cameras at different locations at the same time.
 

Electrosmog Meter

The Electrosmog Meter detects wave field strengths of radio frequencies. This meter does not detect magnetic fields.

THEORY: Theory # 1: When a ghost is trying to manifest it may generate a radio frequency, which may be detected by this meter.

Theory # 2: In theory a spirit can communicate with you through this meter by tapping into different radio frequencies and lighting up the LED lights. There would be 2 dashes of light if the answer is yes, and 1 dash of light if the answer is no. (This is Chris Flemming's theory on the K-II Meter. NOTE: At this time LIPI is in the process of testing this theory in the field.)

HOW TO USE: Turn on the on button on the side of the meter. Hold the meter vertically to get an accurate reading. If the meter gets a reading try to locate where the reading is coming from by going over your previous pathway. When the investigation is complete write down your readings in the field report.

RANGE: The range on this meter is –55dBm to –5dBm, and a broad bandwidth range of 300MHz to 3GHzThe range from the meter to the active field depends on the strength of the source. Listed are some known ranges. Wireless routers 0-50 feet, Cellular phones 0-12 feet, Walkie talkies 0-20 feet, CB radios 0-50 feet, Car alarms 0-6 feet, and microwaves turned on 0-50 feet.

READINGS: The unit of measurement on this meter is decibels of the measured power reference to one milliwat (dBm, a unit for power measurement). Normal activity through this meter is –55dBm to –35dBm. Paranormal activity occurs between –30dBm to –15dBm. Any readings above –10dBm is probably non paranormal. This meter will detect all different types of things that give off or generate radio frequencies, such as wireless routers, cellular phones, walkie-talkies, CB radios, police scanners, car alarms, microwave ovens, etc. The readings for theory # 2 is that the LED lights will blink twice for yes, and once for no.

EMF Cell Sensor

THEORY: In theory a spirit/ghost may give off an electro magnetic field that can be picked up by an EMF meter (electro magnetic field detector).

HOW TO USE: In the field you want to walk around away from other people and look for any type of readings. While your walking around you want to check for any type of power lines or power outlets around the area, because it can affect your readings. If you get a reading stop and try to locate the source.

RANGE: The range on this meter is 0mg to 5mg. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 – 6 feet.

READINGS: Readings on all EMF meters are in milligaus(mg). A normal reading occurs between 0mg to 1.5mg. Paranormal activity occurs at 1.5mg to 3.5mg. This meter will start to light up and beep when it reaches 1.5mg to warn you that you are in a high electro magnetic field. Paranormal activity may also cause the needle on the meter to have erratic movement.

EMF Electro Sensor

THEORY: EMF meters detect electromagnetic fields. In theory when a spirit/ghost manifests, it gives off an electromagnetic field, which may be picked up by an EMF meter.

HOW TO USE: Hold the button on the side of the meter. Point the meter away from you, scanning the area for any occurrences of magnetic fields. If the meter gets a reading try to locate where the reading is coming from by going over your previous pathway. When the investigation is complete write down your readings in the field report.

RANGE: The range on this EMF meter is 0mg to 30mg. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 6 feet.

READINGS: The unit of measurement on all EMF meters is milligauss(mg). Normal activity through this meter is 0mg to 2mg. Paranormal activity occurs between 3mg to 8mg.  Any readings above 8mg is probably non paranormal. There are many things that can throw off EMF readings, such as speakers, electrical wires, television sets, computers, appliances, electrical outlets, romex cable, power lines etc.

EMF Enzone

THEORY: EMF meters detect electromagnetic fields. In theory when a spirit/ghost manifests, it gives off an electromagnetic field, which may be picked up by an EMF meter.

HOW TO USE: Turn the button to the on position on the side of the meter. Point the meter away from you, scanning the area for any occurrences of magnetic fields. If the meter gets a reading try to locate where the reading is coming from by going over your previous pathway. When the investigation is complete write down your readings in the field report.

The range on this EMF meter is 0mg to 8+mg. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 1 foot.

READINGS: The unit of measurement on all EMF meters is milligauss (mg). Normal activity through this meter is 0mg to 2.5mg (safe). Paranormal activity occurs between 2.5mg to 7mg (caution). Any readings above 8mg (danger) is probably non paranormal. There are many things that can throw off EMF readings, such as speakers, electrical wires, television sets, computers, appliances, electrical outlets, romex cable, power lines etc.

EMF Multidetecker II

THEORY: In theory spirits/ghosts give off an electro magnetic field, which can be picked up by an EMF meter.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you want to do is to set the meter to X-1. When your in the field you want to walk around away from other people and hold the button on the side of it looking for any type of readings. While your walking around you want to check for any type of power lines or power outlets around the area, because it can affect your readings. If you get a paranormal reading try to find out what the cause may be.

RANGE: The range on this meter is 0mg to 11mg.  The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 30 feet.

READINGS: Readings on all EMF meters are in milligaus(mg).  A normal reading with this EMF meter is 0mg to 3mg. A paranormal reading with this EMF meter is anywhere from 4mg to 7mg.

Flash Lights

We use flashlights for many reasons. One of the reasons is to see were we are going in the dark, and so we can see what the readings are on our equipment. Our flashlights have different color lenses such as, red, clear, yellow, blue, purple, green, and orange. The best color lens to use in the dark is red, because red light is the easiest on your eyes to adjust in the dark. Every group should have at least one flashlight on them. If we don’t split up into groups during an investigation then we should have at least 4 flashlights.

Basic Geiger Counter

THEORY: This Geiger Counter detects gamma radiation. In theory when a spirit/ghost manifests it may give off some kind of radiation.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you want to do is zero out the Geiger Counter to make sure it is calibrated. Then set the counter to X-1. Let the counter warm up for at least 5 minutes to get accurate readings. Then walk around the investigation site and see if you get any paranormal readings.

RANGE: The range on the Geiger Counter is 0 to 5r/hr. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 10 feet.

READINGS: The unit of measure for this Geiger Counter is r/hr, rads per hour. Normal readings occur between 0 to 1.5. Paranormal readings occur between 1.5 to 3.5, and/or erratic movement of the needle.

IM-179 Geiger Counter

THEORY: This Geiger Counter detects gamma radiation. In theory when a spirit/ghost manifests it may give off some kind of radiation.

HOW TO USE: Hold down the test button to check the battery, if it jumps into the red area the battery is good. In the field you must hold down the read button to get a reading.

RANGE: The range on the meter is .02 to 200. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 – 10 feet.

READINGS: A normal reading is 0 to 1. A paranormal reading can range from 1 to 20 and/or erratic movement through the needle. The unit of measure that this Geiger Counter uses is r/hr, rads per hour.

Germanium Diode

THEORY: Germanium is a synthetic metalloid element (atomic number 32 on the Periodic Table of Elements). It is crystalline and often used in semi-conductor manufacturing. Natural and synthetic crystals have been used to tune radio receivers. Early AM radios used a crystal for reception. The power of the AM signal operated the radio (no external power source).

The Germanium Diode is used as a basic form of the Frank's Box. The box scans a range of AM radio frequencies the inventor Frank Sumption (originally called "Ghost Box") claims are most used by paranormal entities. Chris Moon later modified the box (and changed the name to "Frank's Box") to allow for tuning to specific AM radio settings.

A Germanium Diode can receive AM radio signals if the signal is strong enough. There is no tuning, the diode receives all frequencies available.

In theory, if a near by paranormal entity is trying to communicate on an AM frequency the diode will receive it.

HOW TO USE:

• Solder a Germanium Diode to a standard microphone plug. Attach the cathode end to the plug's center terminal and the anode end to the outer terminal.
• Plug the diode into the microphone jack on an audio recorder (digital is preferred) and turn on the recorder.
• Any AM radio signals received will be recorded.
• You can also ask EVP questions.
• Note that since the power level of the diode input is very low certain models of audio recorder may not full switch over from the internal microphone to external microphone input . It may be necessary to cover the recorder's internal microphone to prevent audio contamination.

RANGE: 0 to 10 feet. Possibly more or less depending on the strength of the signal.

READINGS: While analyzing the recording you are looking for voices that were not present during the time of recording. You want to see if any of the questions you asked were answered. Be aware of normal radio broadcast signals that might be misinterpreted as EVPs.

Investigation Field Report

Field reports are used to document investigations and keep track of readings on all of the equipment that is used on an investigation. Field reports can also be used to compare previous data from the same investigation site. Field reports are also good because we can document whatever has taken place on our investigation. When using different types of equipment on an investigation, your report will have more information about what happened during the investigation. We also record information off of the Ghost Weather Station (GWS), which is shown below, such as, Moon phases, Solar X-Rays, and Geomagnetic Field. We also record GWS current weather conditions, and that data consists of current temperature, Dew Point, Humidity, Barometric Pressure, Wind, and Weather Conditions, such as cloudy, rainy, breezy, fair etc. Having these documents to look back upon is the best way to declare a site haunted or not haunted or to even show proof of evidence we have.

For keeping a record of paranormal activity on your home use our FREE Paranormal Activity Log.

Ion Counter

Theory

In theory if there is a spirit/ghost present, it may have an effect on the ions in the air, by disrupting the natural or man-made ion counts in the air. Click Here to read more about the Air Ion Theory.

The counter could read positive ions if there is synthetic clothing around, weather patterns, such as wind blowing, a thunderstorm, a full moon etc. Also uranium thorium produces very high positive ion readings. Positive Ions have a negative affect on humans and animals. Some of the side affects caused by a high positive ion count are as follows: Violent behavior, road rage, depression, dizziness, chills, tremors, sleeplessness, fatigue, irritability, nausea, lethargy, respiratory symptoms, headaches/migraines, increase in heart attacks, high blood pressure, increase in optical disturbances, anxiety, body pains/aches etc. For many years there have been studies, when there is a full moon present there’s an increase in car accidents, crime, suicide etc. The police and hospitals know it’s going to be a busy night when there is a full moon out. When doing private investigations it is important to listen to the client’s claims. If they have any of the feelings/problems listed above then we should pay close attention to it.  Positive ions actually have a negative affect on humans and animals.

Negative Ions

The counter could read negative ions if there are certain weather patterns such as after a storm, wind blowing, ion generator/ionic breeze. It is known that there is a high negative ion count on beaches/lakes/rivers/oceans etc. Negative ions are beneficial to humans and animals. It has been proven that a negative ion generator is a better source of an antidepressant than antidepressant drugs according to the good drug guide. A high count of negative ions will decrease fatigue, reduce migraines/headaches, strengthen the function of autonomic nerves, strengthen the bodies immune system, improves metabolism, improves asthma and other respiratory conditions, lowers blood pressure etc. The USDA states that ionizing a room leads to 95% less bacteria in the air, 52% less dust, and negative ions also reduce air borne salmonella particles. Negative ions have no negative side affects, but are completely beneficial leaving you with feelings of well-being, and good health.  Negative ions actually have a positive affect on humans and animals.

HOW TO USE:

• Set the polarity to either + or -. Switch it back and forth to get the correct ion count in the air.
• Set it to MEASURE to take readings.
• Set it to 19.9 setting.
• Take base reading on site just to give you an example of what the ions are reading that day.
• Before use you need to check out weather patterns that day.
• Before use you must know the general environment of the investigation site.
• To take readings you must walk around the area and hold the air ion counter in place for 10 seconds or more to get accurate readings.
• Report any abnormal readings right away to make a determination on what the reading is, and try to trace it to its source.

RANGE:

• The ion counter takes in air from 0 to 1 foot, but this depends on the strength of the source.  If there is a strong source then the range will be further away.
• Airflow into the counter is 800cm³/sec.  Linear speed is 40cm/sec.
• Dynamic range is 10 ions/cm³ (corresponds to 10 micro volts at detector plate) to 1,999,000 ions/cm³.

READINGS:

• Determined by weather patters that day.
• The environment around a specific location.
• Take your readings both positive and negative. Look for fluctuations in either the positive or negative range.
• Unit of measure is ions/cm³
• If there is an increase/decrease of positive or negative ions of 20 or more then there may be paranormal activity.

IR Thermometer (Infra Red)

THEORY: In theory when a spirit/ghost is manifesting it may give off a cold spot or a hot spot because the spirit/ghost will draw in the energy around it causing a temperature change.

READINGS: A normal reading is a range close to your base reading. A paranormal reading is a 10-degree drop from your base reading. You may get either a hot spot or a cold spot. A hot spot is rare but they do occur. Majority of the time you will get a cold spot. A cold spot is when a spirit/ghost starts manifesting and it takes in energy around it in this case it would be heat energy causing the air around it to get cold.

RS IR Thermometer (Infra Red)

THEORY: In theory when a spirit/ghost is manifesting it may give off a cold spot or a hot spot because the spirit/ghost will draw in the energy around it causing a temperature change.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you want to do is to get a base reading so you can compare your date later on. Hold the yellow button on the side to take temperature readings. While in the field you want to scan the area looking for any temperature changes. If you get a cold spot or a hot spot then investigate the area. When the investigation is complete make sure to write down your readings in the field report.

RANGE: The temperature range on this meter is unknown.

READINGS: A normal reading is a range close to your base reading.  A paranormal reading is a 10-degree drop from your base reading. You may get either a hot spot or a cold spot. A hot spot is rare but they do occur. Majority of the time you will get a cold spot.  A cold spot is when a spirit/ghost starts manifesting and it takes in energy around it in this case it would be heat energy causing the air around it to get cold.

IR (Infrared) Light

IR light or Infrared light is an asset in paranormal investigation. IR lights can be used with video cameras that have night shot. The night shot feature allows you to record at night by shooting an IR beam out and reflecting it with starlight or moonlight allowing you to see in the dark. The IR light used with the night shot feature allows you to see a lot more than just using night shot. The IR light allows you to see a greater distance and more of an area, which can capture more on video. It is also believed that paranormal activity is more inclined to being viewed with IR light. Click here to read our article about the use of different light spectrums for paranormal investigation.

K-2 Meter (K2, K-II)

THEORY: Theory # 1: EMF meters detect electromagnetic fields. In theory when a spirit/ghost manifests, it gives off an electromagnetic field, which may be picked up by an EMF meter.

Theory # 2: In theory a spirit can communicate with you through this meter by lighting up the LED lights. There would be 2 dashes of light if the answer is yes, and 1 dash of light if the answer is no. (This is Chris Flemming's theory on the K-II Meter.) NOTE: At this time LIPI is in the process of testing this theory in the field. Click Here to read about our study.

HOW TO USE: Hold the button on the front of the meter. Point the meter away from you, scanning the area for any variations of magnetic fields. If the meter gets a reading try to locate where the reading is coming from by going over your previous pathway. When the investigation is complete write down your readings in the field report.

RANGE: The range on this EMF meter is 1mg to 20+mg. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 6 feet.

READINGS: The unit of measurement on all EMF meters is milligauss (mg). Normal activity through this meter is 0mg to 2mg. Paranormal activity occurs between 2.5mg to 10mg. Any readings above 10mg is probably non paranormal. There are many things that can throw off EMF readings, such as speakers, electrical wires, television sets, computers, appliances, electrical outlets, romex cable, power lines etc. The readings for theory # 2 is that the LED lights will blink twice for yes, and once for no.

Note: The K2 meter will detect radio signals such as cell phones, text messaging, and 2-way walkie talkie radios. This sensitivity makes the K2 difficult to use since it is often impossible to confirm if readings are paranormal or the result of radio interference.

Night Vision

Night vision is used to amplify starlight and moon light in order to see better at night. We use generation I night vision. Generation III night vision is the best, but it is also the most expensive. We use night vision when we send a person to scout out the area so they can see if there is anything in our pathway. In paranormal investigation if there is a spirit/ghost, you may see it better through night vision, because the IR light may reflect off of the spirit/ghost allowing you to see it. If you see something that you think is paranormal then you should go to the area with other equipment to investigate it.

Strobe Light

FACT: When viewing movable objects with a strobe light, they appear to move slower than they actually are.

CLAIMS: There have been reports that when people see an apparition or a shadow person etc, they claim that it moves extremely fast down a hallway or into a room etc.

THEORY: If you set up a strobe light were there has been activity of an apparition or shadow person, then in theory if the apparition or shadow person enters into the room, hallway etc where the strobe light is located then it may slow down the movement of the apparition or shadow person so then you will be able to capture it on either photographs or video.

HOW TO USE:

• Set up the strobe light in a supposed active area.
• Turn the strobe light on to the medium speed.
• When using the strobe light there should either be a video camera or a photograph camera available.
  
  NOTE: If you take pictures while the strobe light is on, the flickering light may interfere with your photographs.

RANGE: The ideal range for this strobe light would be a medium size room or small hallway. For the bigger strobe light you can set them up in larger rooms and longer hallways.

READINGS: What you are looking for is any strange and/or unusual movement
 

Temperature Data Logger

THEORY: The temperature data logger detects temperatures in Fahrenheit or Celsius. In theory when a spirit/ghost starts to manifest, it will draw any energy around the area.  In this case it takes in heat energy in the air causing a cold spot.  In rare cases a hot spot may form.

HOW TO USE:

• Click the set up and start the USB Data Logger.
• Type in the investigation location for the Logger Name.
• Select Fahrenheit Set the sample rate to 10sec (45 hours).
• Set a low alarm of 20 degrees lower than the base readings.
• Select a start time (Estimated start time of the investigation).
• Select a start date (Date of the investigation).
• When the investigation is complete, plug the logger into the USB port of a computer and print out the temperature data sheet.

RANGE: This thermometer will take readings within a 1-foot radius around the thermometer.

READINGS: A normal reading is usually a 5-degree difference from your base reading. A paranormal reading is usually a minimum of 10 degrees increase/decrease from your base reading. If you get a drop in temperature, the drop is called a cold spot. You may also get an increase in temperature, which would then be called a hot spot. Hot spots are rare but they do occur.

TH-2A Thermometer

THEORY: In theory when a spirit/ghost is manifesting it may give off a cold spot or a hot spot because the spirit/ghost will draw in the energy around it causing a temperature change.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you want to do is to get a base reading so you can compare your date later on. Hold the yellow button down to take temperature readings. You have to set the thermometer to either Fahrenheit or Celsius, by pushing the button. While in the field you want to scan the area looking for any temperature changes. If you get a cold spot or a hot spot then investigate the area. When the investigation is complete make sure to write down your readings in the field report.

RANGE: The Temperature range on this meter is –4 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. The relative humidity range is from 1% to 99%. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 – 2 feet.

READINGS: A normal reading is a range close to your base reading. A paranormal reading is a 10-degree drop from your base reading You may get either a hot spot or a cold spot. A hot spot is rare but they do occur. Majority of the time you will get a cold spot. A cold spot is when a spirit/ghost starts manifesting and it takes in energy around it in this case it would be heat energy causing the air around it to get cold. This thermometer detects ambient air temperature. Ambient air temperature is the air temperature that is around in the air. Surface temperature is the temperature of the surface of a specific object. In the paranormal field the ambient air temperature is better because cold/hot spots appear out in the open where the ambient thermometer will detect it better than the surface thermometer is able to.

Thermal (Thermo) Imaging

Thermal imaging is probably one of the best pieces of equipment to use in paranormal investigation but it is the most expensive. That is why most paranormal groups do not use it. Thermal imaging allows you to see the temperature of an area. Most paranormal activity deals with temperature changes, thermal imaging allows you to see these changes and were they are coming from. The darker colors, such as blue and green represent the colder temperatures. The lighter colors, such as white and red represent the hotter temperatures. Yellow and orange represent an average temperature of an area. If you see something through thermal imaging then try to follow it with the thermal camera to see where it may lead to.

Trifield EMF Meter

THEORY: In theory a spirit/ghost may give off a magnetic field, electric field, and/or a radio/microwave field that can be picked up by a Tri Field Meter.

HOW TO USE: Set the meter to either Magnetic (0 – 100), Electric, or Radio/Microwave. Majority of the times we will use the setting Magnetic (0 – 100). In the field you want to walk around away from other people and look for any type of readings. While your walking around you want to check for any type of power lines or power outlets around the area, because it can affect your readings. If you get a reading stop and try to locate the source.

RANGE: Magnetic (0 –100): The range on the meter at this setting is 0mg – 100mg. The range from the meter to the active field is from 0 – 8 feet.

Electric: The range on the meter at this setting is 1volt – 100volts. The range from the meter to the active field is from 0 – 10 feet.

Radio/Microwave: The range on the meter at this setting is .01mW/cm² – 1mW/cm². The range from the meter to the active field is from 0 – 15 feet.

READINGS: Magnetic: The unit of measure for this setting is milligauss (mg). Paranormal activity occurs between 3mg – 8mg.

Electric: The unit of measure for this setting is voltage. Paranormal activity occurs between 3volts – 8volts.

Radio/Microwave: The unit of measure for this setting is microwaves divided by centimeters squared (mW/cm²). Paranormal activity occurs between .1mW/cm² - .3mW/cm².

Also paranormal activity may cause erratic movement through the needle in any given setting.

(Natural) Trifield EMF Meter

THEORY: In theory a spirit/ghost may give off a magnetic field, electric field, and/or a radio/microwave field that can be picked up by a Tri Field Meter. A spirit/ghost may also try to use these field to manifest.

HOW TO USE: Set the meter to either Magnetic, Electric, or Radio/Microwave. Majority of the times we will use the setting Magnetic.  While investigating you need to remain very still while using this meter, because it picks up the earths natural magnetic poles. When you turn on the meter it will read the maximum reading because the meter needs to zero itself out, when there is no direction change then the meter will have a normal reading.  NOTE: If you move slightly the meter will jump up because your crossing the meter with the earths magnetic poles.

RANGE:  Magnetic : The range on the meter at this setting is 0mg – 100mg.  The range from the meter to the active field is from 0 – 8 feet.

Electric: The range on the meter at this setting is 0volts – 100volts. The range from the meter to the active field is from 0 – 6 feet.

Radio/Microwave: The range on the meter at this setting is .01mW/cm² – 1mW/cm². The range from the meter to the active field is from 0 – 20 feet.

NOTE: This is a natural Trifield meter so it will pick up lighting, static electrical charges, earths magnetic poles etc. The ranges on the active fields listed here are at specific sources.

READINGS: Magnetic: The unit of measure for this setting is milligaus (mg). Paranormal activity occurs between 3mg – 8mg.

Electric: The unit of measure for this setting is voltage.  Paranormal activity occurs between 3volts – 8volts.

Radio/Microwave: The unit of measure for this setting is microwaves divided by centimeters squared (mW/cm²). Paranormal activity occurs between .1mW/cm² - .3mW/cm².

Sum: The sum setting on this meter is when there is any changes in either the magnetic or electrical setting.

Also paranormal activity may cause erratic movement through the needle in any given setting.

Video Camera

Video cameras are used to document investigations to prove that the investigation occurred and at what time and date the investigation took place, as well as if any paranormal activity has occurred. Video cameras might also be able to pick up what the human eye might not see. Video cameras also may record sound. While analyzing the video you need to listen to the sound because it may pick up EVPs. On some cameras there is a feature called night shot, which allows you to see in the dark providing there is some kind of light source such as moonlight and/or starlight. You may also attach an external infrared light (IR) light to the camera. When using the external IR light with the cameras night shot you will see much better. The tapes that we use are either Hi-8 or 8mm.

Volt Meter

THEORY: The voltage meter tests for battery power.

Theory # 1: When a spirit/ghost starts to manifest, it is said that the spirit/ghost will draw in any energy around the area. In theory if a spirit/ghost starts to manifest then the voltage meter will have a sudden drop in battery power. This is the Energy Loss Theory.

Theory # 2: The Bermuda triangle theory. In the Bermuda triangle when airplanes, helicopters, and boats go through the triangle there gauges may malfunction due to a high electro magnetic fields in that area.

HOW TO USE: Turn on the voltage meter, and write down the starting voltage. If the battery is below 7 volts then change it. This meter uses a 9-volt battery. While out in the field you should walk around holding the meter steady, making sure you do not make any sudden movements, because it may cause the needle to jump. You are looking for any erratic movement from the needle and/or sudden drops in voltage. At the end of the investigation you will write down the readings that you have gotten.

RANGE: The range on the meter is 3 to 17 volts. The range from the meter to the active field is 0 to 1 foot.

READINGS: A normal reading is whatever the voltage of the battery is when you turn it on, with no unusual movement or sudden drops. A paranormal reading is any erratic movement through the needle and/or any sudden drops in battery voltage.

Walkie-Talkie 2-Way Radios

THEORY: In theory a ghost/spirit may communicate with you through the walkie-talkies.

HOW TO USE: We use walkie-talkies to communicate with other members in our group. The first thing you should do is pick a band number to communicate on. Then press the PTT button, which mean push to talk, then let go and listen.

RANGE: The walkie-talkies we use range from 1mile to 17 miles. Some of the walkie-talkies that we use have a quiet band. On our walkie-talkies they range from FRS to GMRS. FRS stands for family radio service. The FRS band walkie-talkies range from 1 to 4 miles. You do not need an FCC license for these. GMRS stands for general mobile radio service. The GMRS band walkie-talkies range from 5 miles and up. To use GMRS band walkie-talkies you need an FCC license.

READINGS: A normal reading with a walkie-talkie is no interference. There are numerous reasons why you can get interference on walkie-talkies. Some of the reasons are: if they come to close with each other, they can pick up cell phone frequencies, there are environmental factors that can affect walkie talkies such as hills, trees, weather patterns etc, also electrical lines and railroad tracks can cause interference. A paranormal reading through the walkie-talkies would be any unusual sounds or voices that come over the band. The only problem with using the walkie-talkies as a tool in paranormal investigation is that all bands are open for any one to use, so if you get something over the walkie-talkies it could be someone just messing with you. If you get activity over the walkie-talkies it is good to have a recording devise, so you can analyze the interference.

White Noise

White noise can be used to eliminate background noise on an audio recording to help analyze the recording for listening to EVPs (Electronic Voice Phenomenon). White noise can be generated from a CD with white noise sound.

White noise can also be used by a spirits/ghosts to help generate EVPs. If you play white noise during the investigation, it may attract spirits/ghosts. The downside of using white noise during the investigation is when you listen to the recording later on for analysis, you will have to filter out the white noise, to listen to the EVPs.

Click Here for our article about White Noise.

 
(Sensor)

(Receiver)
 

Wireless Motion Sensor

THEORY: A motion sensor will pick up any kind of movement that passes in front of the sensor. In theory after a spirit/ghost has manifested and is moving around, it may pass in front of a motion sensor causing the unit to sound.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you want to do is set up the sensor in an active field. Then set up the receiver to either silent mode or sound mode. The receiver will be kept with you at all times. During the investigation keep a close look at the receiver box to see if there is any movement. If the alarm should go off then you should go and investigate the area were the sensor was placed.

RANGE: The range from the sensor to the receiver is 1200 feet. The range of the sensor to the active field is 0 to 30 feet.

READINGS: If the sensor does not pick up any activity then you will note that there was no paranormal activity through the motion sensor. If the sensor picks up some kind of activity, then you will need to investigate the area to determine whether or not it is paranormal activity.

Wind Meter

THEORY: The wind meter detects wind speed and wind direction.

Theory # 1: When a spirit/ghost starts to manifest it self, it may cause a gust of wind. If you are asking EVP questions and you ask the spirit/ghost to give you a sign, it may cause a slight breeze, which can be picked up by a wind meter.

Theory # 2: In certain haunted locations there may be claims that the spirit/ghost runs passed people, causing a gust of wind. A wind meter can pick up this sudden gust of wind.

The range of the wind meter will pick up winds from 1 mph and above.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you should do is check the weather conditions that day to see what the wind speed is. During the investigation hold the wind meter in the air making sure you don’t block the intake of the meter and take readings. If you get any gusts of wind, find out what direction it came from and investigate the area. When the investigation is over write down your readings in the field report.

READINGS: You are looking for any gusts of wind that might feel out of the ordinary. If there are any gusts of wind at 5mph over the weather reports than it may be paranormal.

Zap Checker

THEORY: This meter detects electronic radiation. The meter can detect signals from microwave ovens, cell phones, wireless phones, convert (hidden) cameras, electronic bugs, monitoring devices, wireless computers, wireless networking equipment, electronic car keys etc. Variation in signal strength may be due to multiple bouncing electrical signals, bouncing from wall to wall. In theory a ghost/spirit may interfere with electrical signals, which can be picked up by the zap checker.

HOW TO USE: The first thing you do is set up the meter to linear mode at sensitivity of 6. The sensitivity control goes from 0 – 10, 10 being the most sensitive. Then you walk the field. If the meter ranges from 20 -60 then there might be paranormal activity.

RANGE: High sensitivity will detect cell phones and convert bugs at more then 20 + feet, microwaves 40 + feet, FRS radios (walkie talkies) and ham radios at 80 + feet. Frequency range from around 10 MHz to 4.5 GHz.  The range on the meter is 0 to 100. Paranormal activity will occur between 20 – 60.

READINGS: The meter measures background electronic radiation. We use linear mode for paranormal investigations. Log mode is used mainly to measure signals from transmitting devices. A normal reading is from 0 – 20. A paranormal reading is from 20 – 60, also any erratic movement on the meter. If you get paranormal activity try to confirm it with an EMF meter.